Samuel Squire (1714 – 7 May 1766) was a Bishop of the Church of England and a historian.
Early life
Squire was the son of a
druggist in
Warminster, Wiltshire, and was first educated at Lord Weymouth's Grammar School. He
matriculated at St John's College, Cambridge in 1730 and graduated BA in 1734, winning the Craven scholarship the same year. He was elected a fellow of St John's in 1735, proceeded MA in 1737, and was made a Doctor of Divinity in 1749.
[Reed Browning, ' Squire, Samuel (bap. 1714, d. 1766)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004. Retrieved 21 June 2009.]
Ecclesiastical career
Squire began his church career in 1739 when he was ordained a
deacon of the Church of England; he was ordained priest in 1741, in which year he was appointed
vicar of
Minting, Lincolnshire. In 1743 was made a canon of
Wells Cathedral, and Archdeacon of Bath, holding both preferments until 1761. Adding to his growing number of parish livings, he was appointed rector of
Toppesfield, Essex (1749–50) and subsequently of St Anne's Church, Soho (1750–66), and vicar of St Alphege's, Greenwich (1751–66), where
William Paley, who later achieved fame as a theologian and philosopher, served as his
curate. He was briefly Dean of Bristol (1760) and was finally appointed Bishop of St David's in 1761. His attainment of offices was due to his open attachment to the
; he was chaplain to the Duke of Newcastle, whose use of patronage for the court Whig interest was renowned.
[ Venn, Al. Cantab.]
Published works
In the 1740s Squire published five essays on political subjects in which he voiced his support for the Whig party. His
Letter to a Young Gentleman of Distinction (1740) argued for the benefits of a
standing army against a
militia to protect Britain in its wars against France and Spain. Squire advocated Britain's continental commitment of troops in
The Important Question Discussed (1746). He came to the aid of
Henry Pelham's administration by trumpeting its Whig principles in
A Letter to a Tory Friend (1746). Squire also disputed the arguments of the
Jacobitism historian
Thomas Carte by publishing two pamphlets in 1748:
Remarks upon Mr. Carte's Specimen and
A Letter to John Trot-Plaid. In the
Remarks, Squire used
natural law theory to contend against Carte's support of the House of Stuart, and in
A Letter he satirised Carte by mocking his interpretation of the past in terms of the present.
Squire also published two works on English history, An Enquiry into the Foundation of the English Constitution (1745) and Historical Essay upon the Balance of Civil Power in England (1748). In An Enquiry, Squire wrote on the German and Anglo-Saxon love of liberty and constitutionalism. In his Historical Essay, Squire wrote that liberty depended upon an equipoise among competing institutions and groups in society, suggesting that whenever such an equipoise collapses an arbitrary government takes its place. The Glorious Revolution of 1688 had ended the struggle to secure a balance and thus ensure liberty.[Reed Browning, 'Samuel Squire, the Court Whig as Historian', Political and Constitutional Ideas of the Court Whigs (Louisiana State University Press, 1982) p. 124.]
In May 1746 Squire was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society as: "A Gentleman well known to the Learned World by Several valuable Treatises, perticularly 'Two Essays on the Antient Greek Chronology' and 'On the Origin of the Greek Language'; A new Edition of Plutarch's Discourse on 'Isis & Osiris', with an English Translation & Commentary; and an 'Historical Essay on the Anglo-Saxon Government both in Germany & England'".
He died in Harley Street, Westminster.
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